Sunrise Print

One of the major challenges in the field of neuroscience is the poor ability of neurons to regenerate after injury. Conditions such as spinal cord injury sever the neuronal connections, leading to permanent paralysis with no treatments currently available. After birth, the vast majority of neurons lose their ability to divide and create new cells, thereby making functional recovery close to impossible. While stem cells exist in certain areas of the brain, these populations are insufficient for replacing what was lost. Neural stem cell cultures provide a promising approach for treatment of such conditions. These cells can be used to replace the lost connections. Moreover, they can be derived from the specific patient in need and applied as personalized medicine. Using the latest scientific methods, cells can be derived from any tissue, such as the patient’s skin, expanded in a dish and induced to differentiate into the necessary neuronal cell type. Initially, these cells form beautiful structures, called rosettes, and express markers of pluripotency. A lot of the commonly used markers reside in the cell nucleus and if stained with a red fluorescent antibody, show up as purplish in color as they overlap with a traditional blue nuclear stain. As the cells begin their journey towards becoming specialized, they migrate away from the rosette, lose their early markers and acquire those of mature neurons, such as tubulin, which is often stained in green. They also acquire increasingly complex morphology by forming processes and branching. These cells begin to look like sun rays emanating from the rosette. They stem from the center and reach towards the stars of secreted factors that attract them. As the sun rises, it gives hope for the bright future of treating debilitating neurological conditions.